The communication overhead between GPUs is so high that the servers must be in the same building, connected by high-speed InfiniBand or custom networking fabrics. Long interconnection queues with utility companies add 18 to 36 months to facility timelines in high-demand markets such as Northern Virginia, Phoenix, and Dallas (DataBank, 2026). For campus-scale AI builds targeting 1 gigawatt or more of capacity, construction costs reach $45 to $55 billion per …